Harlem Renaissance


Jaqueline J., Initials. (2010). Labor of love, labor of sorrow. New York, NY: Basic Books.


Old poetry- classical poetry discussion. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://oldpoetry.com/oauthor/list


Lewis, JJ. (2011). African american women dreaming in color. Retrieved from http://womenshistory.about.com/od/harlemrenaissance/a/dreaming_color.htm


Boland, Initials. (2007). Fashion and music in the roaring 20s. Retrieved from http://www.1920s-fashion-and-music.com/index.html

Lamb, A, & Johnson, L. (2001, June). Biographies of the harlem renaissance. Retrieved from http://www.42explore2.com/harlem2.htm


Eaglin, M. (2011). Relive/Rethink History II: Ada Smith’s Diary. Unpublished undergraduate essay, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond


In a lecture on March 1, 2011, to a AFAM 491 class, Dr. Bayinnah Jeffries


In a lecture on March 8, 2011 to a AFAM 491 class, Dr. Bayinnah Jeffries


Jeffries, B. (2001). Exam#2 AFAM 491, Section 004 Spring 2011 [Class handout]. Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.

Black Arts Movement


Jaqueline J., Initials. (2010). Labor of love, labor of sorrow. New York, NY: Basic Books.


Old poetry- classical poetry discussion. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://oldpoetry.com/oauthor/list


Davis, A.Y. (1981). Women, race, and class. United States of America: Random House Inc.


Shakur, A. (1987). Assata, an autobiography. United States of America: Zed Books Ltd.


In a lecture on March 31, 2011 to a AFAM 491 class, Dr. Bayinnah Jeffries


In a lecture on April 6, 2011 to a AFAM 491 class, Dr. Bayinnah Jeffries


In a lecture on April 12, 2011 to a AFAM 491 class, Dr. Bayinnah Jeffries


A brief guide to the black arts movement. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5647


Salaam, K. (1995). Historical overviews of the black arts movement. Retrieved from http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/blackarts/historical.htm


Second wave feminism . (1997). Retrieved from http://people.howstuffworks.com/feminism4.htm

Blaxploitation Era

In a lecture on April 12, 2011 to an AFAM 491 class, Dr. Bayinnah Jeffries


In a lecture on April 14, 2011 to an AFAM 491 class, Dr. Bayinnah Jeffries


Morris, G. (1997). Blaxploitation: a sketch. Bright lights film journal, (18), Retrieved from http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/18/18_blax.html


Maynard, R. (2000, June 16). The birth and demise of the blaxploitation genre. Los Angeles Times,


Jean bell. (2010, November 27). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bell


Blaxploitation poster previews. (2005). Retrieved from http://www.blaxploitation.com/allposters.html

Afro-Punk Movement


The movement- afro-punk. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.afropunk.com/page/the-movement


Afropunk' 10 nyc. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.afropunk.com/page/afropunk-10-nyc


Afropunk: the movie. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.afropunk.com/page/afropunk-the-movie


Janelle monae official website. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.jmonae.com/


Lewis, P. (n.d.). Janelle monae:funky sensation. Retrieved from http://www.bluesandsoul.com/feature/554/janelle_monae_funky_sensation/


Andrew, G.G. (2010, July 21). Janelle monae turns rhythm and blues into science fiction. Retrieved from http://io9.com/#!5592174/janelle-monae-turns-rhythm-and-blues-into-science-fiction



Janelle monae talks to our urban blog. (2010, May 13). Retrieved from http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/janelle-monae/news/221762-janelle-monae-speaks-to-our-urban-blog


Va$htie:downtown's sweetheart. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.vashtie.com/


Kumari, K. (2011). Kesh continues. Retrieved from http://www.keshcontinues.com/


Milner , I. (2010). Coco and breezy: the martians. Edge Magazine, doi: http://edgemagazinesite.com/?p=901

Gamela amor by coco & breezy. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://cocoandbreezy.bigcartel.com/